The Effect of Caffeine Consumption Habits and Sleep Quality on Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Girls
Abstract
Adolescent girls are particularly vulnerable to anemia as they undergo rapid growth during puberty, which increases their iron requirements to support this growth. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of anemia, including the habitual consumption of iron-inhibiting substances such as caffeine and poor sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine consumption habits and sleep quality on hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls aged 15-18 at SMAN 8 Malang. The research design was analytical with a cross-sectional method. The sampling technique used was two-stage clustering random sampling. Data collection involved the use of the SQ FFQ, PSQI questionnaires, and the Point Care of Testing (POCT) method for hemoglobin level analysis, which was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation and logistic regression tests. The results of the Spearman rank correlation test revealed a relationship between caffeine consumption habits and hemoglobin levels (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05), sleep quality and hemoglobin levels (p-value = 0.005 < 0.05), and no relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep quality (p-value = 0.646 > 0.05). The logistic regression test showed a significant effect of caffeine consumption habits and sleep quality on hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls (significant value 0.000 < 0.05).
References
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8. Salam RA, Hooda M, Das JK, Arshad A, Lassi ZS, Middleton P, et al. Interventions to Improve Adolescent Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Adolesc Heal. 2016 Oct;59(4):S29–39.
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20. Gonzalez AM, Hoffman JR, Wells AJ, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of caffeine administered in a time-release versus regular tablet form. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 Dec 1;11(sup1).
21. Soós R, Gyebrovszki Á, Tóth Á, Jeges S, Wilhelm M. Effects of Caffeine and Caffeinated Beverages in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: Short Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 25;18(23):12389.
22. Potter P. Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan: Konsep, Proses dan Praktik. Edisi 7. Jakarta: EGC; 2015.
23. Khoswanto C. Caffeine Intake Decreases Osteoclastogenesis in Alveolar Bone Post Extraction. J Int Dent Med Res. 2023 Feb 5;16(2):624–7.
24. Nonthakaew A., Matan N.A., Aewsiri T. Caffeine in Foods and Its Antimicrobial Activity. Int Food Res J. 2015;22(1):9–14.
25. NINDS. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 22]. Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep
26. Kemenkes RI. Revisi Buku Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Anemia pada Rematri dan WUS. 2018.
27. Kansagra S. Sleep Disorders in Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2020 May 1;145(Supplement_2):S204–9.
28. Oliveira ES de, Silva AFR da, Silva KCB da, Moura TVC, Araújo AL de, Silva ARV da. Stress and Health Risk Behaviors Among University Students. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(1).
29. Cavalcanti LMLG, Lima RA, Silva C ramos de M, Barros MVG de, Soares FC. Constructs of Poor Sleep Quality in Adolescents: Associated Factors. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(8).
30. Brautsch LA, Lund L, Andersen MM, Jennum PJ, Folker AP, Andersen S. Digital Media Use and Sleep in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Sleep Med Rev. 2023 Apr;68:101742.
31. Kaya F, Bostanci Da?tan N, Durar E. Smart Phone Usage, Sleep Quality and Depression in University Students. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 24;67(5):407–14.
32. Woods HC, Scott H. #Sleepyteens: Social Media Use in Adolescence is Associated with Poor Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression and Low Self?Esteem. J Adolesc. 2016 Aug 10;51(1):41–9.
33. Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ramos-Campo DJ, Reche-García C, Leyva-Vela B, Nadal-Nicolás Y. Psychological and Sleep Effects of Tryptophan and Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet in Women with Fibromyalgia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 26;17(7):2227.
34. Sejbuk M, Miro?czuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review on Nutrition, Stimulants, and Physical Activity as Important Factors. Nutrients. 2022 May 2;14(9):1912.
35. Budiyanti E, Wijaya MJ. Hubungan Konsumsi Kafein Dengan Gangguan Tidur Pada Mahasiswa Preklinik. Damianus J Med. 2023 Dec;22(3):225–31.
36. Meiranny A, Chabibah AM. Pengaruh Konsumsi Minuman Berkafein Terhadap Pola dan Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa?: A Literatur Review The Effect of Caffeine Drink Consumption on Patterns and Sleeping Quality of College Students. Indones J Heal Promot [Internet]. 2022 Feb;5(2):117–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31934/mppki.v2i3
37. O’Callaghan F, Muurlink O, Reid N. Effects of Caffeine on Sleep Quality and Daytime Functioning. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2018 Dec;Volume 11:263–71.
38. Weibel J, Lin YS, Landolt HP, Kistler J, Rehm S, Rentsch KM, et al. The Impact of Daily Caffeine Intake on Nighttime Sleep in Young Adult Men. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 25;11(1):4668.
39. Wang J, Kwok MK, Au Yeung SL, Li AM, Lam S, Leung GM, et al. The Effect of Sleep Duration on Hemoglobin and Hematocrit: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study. Sleep. 2020 Jul 13;43(7).
40. BJ K, RA R. Gangguan Tidur Pada Lansia. In: Boedhi DR, Martono HH. Buku ajar geriatric (5tg ed), editor. Jakarta: Badan penerbit FKUI; 2014. 319 p.
41. Rosyidah RA, Hartini WM, Dewi NPMY. Hubungan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Mahasiswa Prodi D3 TBD Semester VI Poltekkes Bhakti Setya Indonesia YogyakartaYOGYAKARTA. J Ilmu Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones [Internet]. 2022 Jul;2(2):42–51. Available from: https://journal.amikveteran.ac.id/index.php/
42. John EH, Michael EH. Guyton and Hall Text Book Of Medical Physiology 14nd edition. Kanada: Elsevier Saunders; 2020.
43. Ariana NL, Sudiwati NLPE, Panggayuh A, Khofifah K. Pengaruh Kualitas Tidur Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Calon Pendonor Di UPTD PMI Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Care J Ilm Ilmu Kesehat. 2022;10(1):139–47.
44. Agena AE, Mirghani L, Ali Mude A. Exploring the Dynamics of Sleep Deprivation: Insights into Complete Blood Count and Coagulation Parameters in a Case?Control Study. Adv Hematol. 2024 Jan 18;2024(1).
45. Kalsum U, Mayangsari R, Demmalewa JQ. Hubungan Asupan Fe dan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMAN 2 Wawotobi Kabupaten Konawe. J Gizi Ilm. 2023 Apr;10(1):17–21.
46. Tahji ATK, Firdausi I, Koroy T. R. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Di Sekolah Menengah Kecamatan Panyipatan Kabupaten Tanah Laut. J Wawasan Kesehat. 2022 Oct 4;1(1):58–71.
47. Kassebaum NJ. The Global Burden of Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2016 Apr;30(2):247–308.
48. Temple JL, Bernard C, Lipshultz SE, Czachor JD, Westphal JA, Mestre MA. The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review. Front Psychiatry. 2017 May 26;8.
49. Putri MR, Sulistiani RP, Jauharany FF, Isworo JT. Hubungan Asupan Zat Besi (Fe), Zink, Vitamin B12 dan Kafein dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Siswi di SMA Negeri 2 Semarang . Pros Semin Nas Unimus. 2023 Oct 18;6:688–99.
50. Wolde WU-JU T, Wolde T. Effects of caffeine on health and nutrition: A Review. Food Sci Qual Manag [Internet]. 2014;30. Available from: www.iiste.org
51. Spriet LL. Exercise and Sport Performance with Low Doses of Caffeine. Sport Med. 2014 Nov 30;44(S2):175–84.
52. Jodra P, Lago-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, López-Samanes A, Pérez-López A, Veiga-Herreros P, et al. Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance and Mood Dimensions in Elite and Trained-Recreational Athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020 Jan 3;17(1).
53. Watson E, Coates A, Kohler M, Banks S. Caffeine Consumption and Sleep Quality in Australian Adults. Nutrients. 2016 Aug 4;8(8):479.
54. Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest. 2014 Nov;146(5):1387–94.
55. Matsui K, Yoshiike T, Nagao K, Utsumi T, Tsuru A, Otsuki R, et al. Association of Subjective Quality and Quantity of Sleep with Quality of Life among a General Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 6;18(23):12835.
56. Raspante Cerqueira Teixeira K, de Medeiros LA, Mendes JA, Vaz ER, Cunha TM, de Oliveira EP, et al. The Erythrocyte Membrane Stability is Associated With Sleep Time and Social Jetlag in Shift Workers. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 23;14(9):e0222698.
57. Dinarelli S, Longo G, Dietler G, Francioso A, Mosca L, Pannitteri G, et al. Erythrocyte’s Aging in Microgravity Highlights How Environmental Stimuli Shape Metabolism and Morphology. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 27;8(1):5277.
2. Sachdev HS, Porwal A, Acharya R, Ashraf S, Ramesh S, Khan N, et al. Haemoglobin Thresholds to Define Anaemia in a National Sample of Healthy Children and Adolescents Aged 1–19 Years in India: a Population-Based Study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2021 Jun;9(6):e822–31.
3. Andriastuti M, Ilmana G, Nawangwulan SA, Kosasih KA. Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Profile Among Children and Adolescent with Low Socio-Economic Status. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2020 Jun;7(2):88–92.
4. Deivita Y, Syafruddin S, Andi Nilawati U, Aminuddin A, Burhanuddin B, Zahir Z. Overview of Anemia; Risk Factors and Solution Offering. Gac Sanit. 2021 Jul 30;35:S235–41.
5. Pasricha SR, Colman K, Centeno-Tablante E, Garcia-Casal MN, Peña-Rosas JP. Revisiting WHO Haemoglobin Thresholds to Define Anaemia in Clinical Medicine and Public Health. Lancet Haematol. 2018 Feb;5(2):e60–2.
6. Lodia Tuturop K, Martina Pariaribo K, Asriati A, Adimuntja NP, Nurdin MA. Pencegahan Anemia Pada Remaja Putri, Mahasiswa FKM Universitas Cendrawasih. Panrita Inov J Pengabdi Kpd Masy [Internet]. 2023 Jun 5;2(1):19. Available from: https://ojs.unm.ac.id/pijpm/article/view/46797
7. Ozdemir N. Iron Deficiency Anemia from Diagnosis to Treatment in Children. Türk Pediatr Ar?ivi. 2015 Apr 10;50(1):11–9.
8. Salam RA, Hooda M, Das JK, Arshad A, Lassi ZS, Middleton P, et al. Interventions to Improve Adolescent Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Adolesc Heal. 2016 Oct;59(4):S29–39.
9. Zhang YX, Chen J, Liu XH. Profiles of Anemia Among School-Aged Children Categorized by Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Shandong, China. Pediatr Neonatol. 2021 Mar;62(2):165–71.
10. Litbangkes, Kemenkes RI. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta; 2018 Dec.
11. Kemenkes RI. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2022 [cited 2023 Dec 21]. 7 Dampak Anemia pada Remaja. Available from: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/7-dampak-anemia-pada-remaja
12. Apriyanti F. Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri SMAN 1 Pangkalan Kerinci Kabupaten Pelalawan Tahun 2019. J Doppler Univ Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. 2019;3(2):18–21.
13. Dinkes DIY. Dinas Kesehatan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. 2023 [cited 2023 Dec 21]. Anemia pada Remaja: Menjaga Kesehatan Generasi Muda. Available from: https://dinkes.jogjaprov.go.id/berita/detail/anemia-pada-remaja-menjaga-kesehatan-generasi-muda#:~:text=Kurang Energi dan Produktivitas %3A Kelelahan,hati dan gangguan kesejahteraan emosional.
14. Leung AKC, Lam JM, Wong AHC, Hon KL, Li X. Iron Deficiency Anemia: An Updated Review. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2024 Aug;20(3):339–56.
15. Nasruddin H, Faisal Syamsu R, Permatasari DD. ANGKA KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA DI INDONESIA. J Ilm Indones [Internet]. 2021;1(4):357–64. Available from: http://cerdika.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/cerdika/index-357-
16. Abdo N, Douglas S, Batieha A, Khader Y, Jaddou H, Al-Khatib S, et al. The Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia in Jordan. East Mediterr Heal J. 2019 May 1;25(5):341–9.
17. Elisa S, Oktafany, Zakiah Oktarlina R. Literature Review?: Faktor Penyebab Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri. J Kesehat dan Agromedicine [Internet]. 2023;10(1):145–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.36053/mesencephal
18. Wu J, Hu Y, Li M, Chen J, Mao D, Li W, et al. Prevalence of Anemia in Chinese Children and Adolescents and Its Associated Factors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Apr 19;16(8):1416.
19. Budiarti A, Anik S, Putu N, Wirani G, Tinggi S, Kesehatan I, et al. Studi Fenomeologi Penyebab Anemia Pada Remaja Di Surabaya. J Kesehat Mesencephalon. 2020 Oct;6(2):137–41.
20. Gonzalez AM, Hoffman JR, Wells AJ, Mangine GT, Townsend JR, Jajtner AR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of caffeine administered in a time-release versus regular tablet form. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 Dec 1;11(sup1).
21. Soós R, Gyebrovszki Á, Tóth Á, Jeges S, Wilhelm M. Effects of Caffeine and Caffeinated Beverages in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: Short Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 25;18(23):12389.
22. Potter P. Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan: Konsep, Proses dan Praktik. Edisi 7. Jakarta: EGC; 2015.
23. Khoswanto C. Caffeine Intake Decreases Osteoclastogenesis in Alveolar Bone Post Extraction. J Int Dent Med Res. 2023 Feb 5;16(2):624–7.
24. Nonthakaew A., Matan N.A., Aewsiri T. Caffeine in Foods and Its Antimicrobial Activity. Int Food Res J. 2015;22(1):9–14.
25. NINDS. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 22]. Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep
26. Kemenkes RI. Revisi Buku Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Anemia pada Rematri dan WUS. 2018.
27. Kansagra S. Sleep Disorders in Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2020 May 1;145(Supplement_2):S204–9.
28. Oliveira ES de, Silva AFR da, Silva KCB da, Moura TVC, Araújo AL de, Silva ARV da. Stress and Health Risk Behaviors Among University Students. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(1).
29. Cavalcanti LMLG, Lima RA, Silva C ramos de M, Barros MVG de, Soares FC. Constructs of Poor Sleep Quality in Adolescents: Associated Factors. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(8).
30. Brautsch LA, Lund L, Andersen MM, Jennum PJ, Folker AP, Andersen S. Digital Media Use and Sleep in Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Sleep Med Rev. 2023 Apr;68:101742.
31. Kaya F, Bostanci Da?tan N, Durar E. Smart Phone Usage, Sleep Quality and Depression in University Students. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 24;67(5):407–14.
32. Woods HC, Scott H. #Sleepyteens: Social Media Use in Adolescence is Associated with Poor Sleep Quality, Anxiety, Depression and Low Self?Esteem. J Adolesc. 2016 Aug 10;51(1):41–9.
33. Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ramos-Campo DJ, Reche-García C, Leyva-Vela B, Nadal-Nicolás Y. Psychological and Sleep Effects of Tryptophan and Magnesium-Enriched Mediterranean Diet in Women with Fibromyalgia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 26;17(7):2227.
34. Sejbuk M, Miro?czuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM. Sleep Quality: A Narrative Review on Nutrition, Stimulants, and Physical Activity as Important Factors. Nutrients. 2022 May 2;14(9):1912.
35. Budiyanti E, Wijaya MJ. Hubungan Konsumsi Kafein Dengan Gangguan Tidur Pada Mahasiswa Preklinik. Damianus J Med. 2023 Dec;22(3):225–31.
36. Meiranny A, Chabibah AM. Pengaruh Konsumsi Minuman Berkafein Terhadap Pola dan Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa?: A Literatur Review The Effect of Caffeine Drink Consumption on Patterns and Sleeping Quality of College Students. Indones J Heal Promot [Internet]. 2022 Feb;5(2):117–22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31934/mppki.v2i3
37. O’Callaghan F, Muurlink O, Reid N. Effects of Caffeine on Sleep Quality and Daytime Functioning. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2018 Dec;Volume 11:263–71.
38. Weibel J, Lin YS, Landolt HP, Kistler J, Rehm S, Rentsch KM, et al. The Impact of Daily Caffeine Intake on Nighttime Sleep in Young Adult Men. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 25;11(1):4668.
39. Wang J, Kwok MK, Au Yeung SL, Li AM, Lam S, Leung GM, et al. The Effect of Sleep Duration on Hemoglobin and Hematocrit: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study. Sleep. 2020 Jul 13;43(7).
40. BJ K, RA R. Gangguan Tidur Pada Lansia. In: Boedhi DR, Martono HH. Buku ajar geriatric (5tg ed), editor. Jakarta: Badan penerbit FKUI; 2014. 319 p.
41. Rosyidah RA, Hartini WM, Dewi NPMY. Hubungan Kualitas Tidur Dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Mahasiswa Prodi D3 TBD Semester VI Poltekkes Bhakti Setya Indonesia YogyakartaYOGYAKARTA. J Ilmu Kedokt dan Kesehat Indones [Internet]. 2022 Jul;2(2):42–51. Available from: https://journal.amikveteran.ac.id/index.php/
42. John EH, Michael EH. Guyton and Hall Text Book Of Medical Physiology 14nd edition. Kanada: Elsevier Saunders; 2020.
43. Ariana NL, Sudiwati NLPE, Panggayuh A, Khofifah K. Pengaruh Kualitas Tidur Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Calon Pendonor Di UPTD PMI Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Care J Ilm Ilmu Kesehat. 2022;10(1):139–47.
44. Agena AE, Mirghani L, Ali Mude A. Exploring the Dynamics of Sleep Deprivation: Insights into Complete Blood Count and Coagulation Parameters in a Case?Control Study. Adv Hematol. 2024 Jan 18;2024(1).
45. Kalsum U, Mayangsari R, Demmalewa JQ. Hubungan Asupan Fe dan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMAN 2 Wawotobi Kabupaten Konawe. J Gizi Ilm. 2023 Apr;10(1):17–21.
46. Tahji ATK, Firdausi I, Koroy T. R. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri Di Sekolah Menengah Kecamatan Panyipatan Kabupaten Tanah Laut. J Wawasan Kesehat. 2022 Oct 4;1(1):58–71.
47. Kassebaum NJ. The Global Burden of Anemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2016 Apr;30(2):247–308.
48. Temple JL, Bernard C, Lipshultz SE, Czachor JD, Westphal JA, Mestre MA. The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review. Front Psychiatry. 2017 May 26;8.
49. Putri MR, Sulistiani RP, Jauharany FF, Isworo JT. Hubungan Asupan Zat Besi (Fe), Zink, Vitamin B12 dan Kafein dengan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Siswi di SMA Negeri 2 Semarang . Pros Semin Nas Unimus. 2023 Oct 18;6:688–99.
50. Wolde WU-JU T, Wolde T. Effects of caffeine on health and nutrition: A Review. Food Sci Qual Manag [Internet]. 2014;30. Available from: www.iiste.org
51. Spriet LL. Exercise and Sport Performance with Low Doses of Caffeine. Sport Med. 2014 Nov 30;44(S2):175–84.
52. Jodra P, Lago-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, López-Samanes A, Pérez-López A, Veiga-Herreros P, et al. Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance and Mood Dimensions in Elite and Trained-Recreational Athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020 Jan 3;17(1).
53. Watson E, Coates A, Kohler M, Banks S. Caffeine Consumption and Sleep Quality in Australian Adults. Nutrients. 2016 Aug 4;8(8):479.
54. Sateia MJ. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest. 2014 Nov;146(5):1387–94.
55. Matsui K, Yoshiike T, Nagao K, Utsumi T, Tsuru A, Otsuki R, et al. Association of Subjective Quality and Quantity of Sleep with Quality of Life among a General Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 6;18(23):12835.
56. Raspante Cerqueira Teixeira K, de Medeiros LA, Mendes JA, Vaz ER, Cunha TM, de Oliveira EP, et al. The Erythrocyte Membrane Stability is Associated With Sleep Time and Social Jetlag in Shift Workers. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 23;14(9):e0222698.
57. Dinarelli S, Longo G, Dietler G, Francioso A, Mosca L, Pannitteri G, et al. Erythrocyte’s Aging in Microgravity Highlights How Environmental Stimuli Shape Metabolism and Morphology. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 27;8(1):5277.
Published
2025-02-28
How to Cite
WULANDARI, Lisa Purbawaning et al.
The Effect of Caffeine Consumption Habits and Sleep Quality on Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Girls.
Health Access Journal, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 130-141, feb. 2025.
ISSN 3047-4582.
Available at: <https://ojs.poltekkes-malang.ac.id/index.php/HAJ/article/view/5218>. Date accessed: 12 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.31290/haj.v2i1.5218.
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Article
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