STUNTING BALITA DI INDONESIA: ANALISIS DETERMINAN BERDASARKAN DATA SKI 2023

Abstract

Public health problems are not limited to specific age groups and are influenced by various interrelated factors. Stunting is one of the public health issues affecting children aged 0–59 months. Indonesia is among the countries with the fifth highest number of stunting cases in the world. The high prevalence of stunting can have long-term consequences that affect children’s growth and development in the future. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and analyze the determinants of stunting among children aged 0–59 months in Indonesia using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia/SKI) with a cross-sectional study design. The total sample analyzed in this study was 39,415 children aged 0–59 months. . The dependent variable was stunting status (height-for-age < -2 SD), while the independent variables included maternal characteristics (education level, employment status, and place of residence), maternal knowledge, maternal behavior, child’s sex, access to drinking water, and feces management practices. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the Chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed a stunting prevalence of 19.1%. Multivariate analysis identified low maternal education (PR=1.598; 95% CI=1.462–1.746; p<0.001) and inadequate feces management (PR=1.497; 95% CI=1.299–1.726; p<0.001) as dominant factors. Other variables significantly associated with stunting included low maternal knowledge (PR=1.102; p<0.001), suboptimal maternal behavior (PR=1.102; p<0.001), maternal employment in the informal sector (PR=1.274; p<0.001), residence in rural areas (PR=1.195; p<0.001), male sex (PR=1.163; p<0.001), and limited access to safe drinking water (PR=1.146; p=0.005). In conclusion, stunting among children under five in Indonesia is closely associated with maternal factors and environmental sanitation conditions. Maternal education level and fecal waste management are the main determinants; therefore, stunting prevention efforts should focus on family-based interventions and improving environmental sanitation quality.