Jurnal Keperawatan Terapan

Effectiveness of Thermography-Based Foot Care Interventions for Preventing Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

2026-09-21T03:36:06+00:00

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are serious complications of diabetes mellitus associated with morbidity, disability, and lower-limb amputation. Infrared thermography offers a non-invasive approach for detecting thermal changes associated with inflammation, neuropathy, and vascular impairment before ulcer formation.

Objective: To systematically review the role of infrared thermography in the early detection, prevention, and monitoring of diabetic foot ulcer risk.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2026. Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines, and methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Data were synthesized using narrative thematic analysis.

Results: Of 687 records identified, 612 remained after duplicate removal, 72 underwent full-text assessment, and 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. Infrared thermography detected plantar thermal asymmetry (0.2–1.0°C), identified early inflammatory changes, and supported diabetic foot ulcer risk classification. Integration with artificial intelligence and mobile-based thermography improved diagnostic performance, with CNN-based models achieving accuracy of up to 88%. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness as a standalone intervention for ulcer prevention remained inconsistent.

Conclusion: Infrared thermography shows potential as a non-invasive tool for early detection and monitoring of diabetic foot ulcer risk. However, evidence supporting its standalone preventive effectiveness remains limited. Standardized measurement protocols, integration with clinical assessment, and further high-quality prospective studies are required.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot; Foot Ulcer; Infrared Thermography; Early Diagnosis

The Effect of Range of Motion (ROM) Ankle Exercises on Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) In Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

2026-10-08T06:40:02+00:00

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with frequent vascular complications, including decreased peripheral perfusion, which can be identified through the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) examination. Simple interventions such as Range of Motion (ROM) ankle exercises have the potential to improve lower extremity perfusion, but empirical evidence in primary care is still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of ankle ROM exercises on ABI values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Kotabumi II. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test approach without a control group on 52 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. The intervention consisted of active ankle ROM exercises performed three times daily for 14 days. ABI values were measured before and after the intervention using a sphygmomanometer and vascular Doppler. Data analysis using paired t-test. The mean ABI value increased from 0.71 (SD=0.16) before the intervention to 0.94 (SD=0.12) after the intervention. A paired t-test showed a significant difference between the ABI values before and after ankle ROM exercises (p=0.000). Ankle ROM exercises have been shown to be effective in increasing ABI values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, so they can be recommended as a simple non-pharmacological intervention in primary care facilities to support the prevention of diabetic foot complications.

The Effect of Audiovisual Health Education on Vulva Hygiene Skills among Primiparous Postpartum Mothers

2026-09-21T04:06:50+00:00

Postpartum mothers, especially primiparous mothers, are at high risk of infection if they do not practice proper vulva hygiene, which can result in delayed wound healing and an increased risk of infection. One effort to improve mothers' ability to practice proper vulva hygiene is to provide health education using audiovisual media. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of health education using audiovisual media on improving the ability of postpartum primiparous mothers who had spontaneous deliveries to perform vulva hygiene in the Dewi Kunti Room at Ngudi Waluyo General Hospital. Method: The study design was a pre-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design. The sample consisted of 40 postpartum primiparous mothers who met the criteria of having a spontaneous delivery and were receiving care on the last day of hospitalization, selected using quota sampling. The study was conducted in the Dewi Kunthi Ward of Ngudi Waluyo General Hospital from January to March using a checklist instrument based on the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for vulva hygiene. Data analysis used univariate analysis to determine the mean value and bivariate analysis to determine the effect of health education using audiovisual aids on the ability of postpartum mothers to maintain vulva hygiene. Results: The pre-test results showed an average value of 5.50 with a median value of 3, and the post-test results showed an increase in the average value to 8.05 with a median value of 8. Bivariate data analysis using the Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of health education using audiovisual materials on the vulva hygiene skills of primiparous postpartum mothers. Conclusion:The results of this study indicate a significant effect of health education on vulva hygiene using audiovisual methods on improving the ability of primiparous postpartum mothers in the Dewi Kunthi room. Recommendation: It is hoped that postpartum mothers, especially primiparous mothers, can seek more information while preparing to become mothers using audiovisual media.

The Effect of Reproductive Health Education Using Animated Video Media on Pregnancy Prevention Attitudes Among Adolescents

2026-10-09T00:47:57+00:00

Introduction: Adolescent reproductive health is an important issue in improving the quality of health among young people. Limited knowledge about reproductive health may contribute to risky sexual behaviour, unintended pregnancy, early marriage, and other reproductive health problems. Health education using appropriate media, such as animated videos, can be an effective strategy to improve adolescents’ understanding and attitudes toward pregnancy prevention.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of reproductive health education using animated video media on pregnancy prevention attitudes among adolescents.

Methods: This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a two-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 78 adolescents who were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 39 respondents in each group. The sampling technique used was proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the Guttman scale and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U Test.

Results: The results showed that before the intervention, most respondents in the experimental group had fair attitudes (30 respondents; 77%), while 9 respondents (23%) had good attitudes. After receiving reproductive health education through animated videos, 34 respondents (87%) showed good attitudes and 5 respondents (13%) showed fair attitudes. The Mann-Whitney U Test showed a significant difference between groups with an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Reproductive health education using animated video media significantly improved adolescents’ attitudes toward pregnancy prevention. This study highlights the importance of using engaging educational media to support adolescent reproductive health promotion.

Keywords: Adolescent Health, Reproductive Health Education, Health Education, Animated Video, Pregnancy Prevention

Ambulation Level and Quality of Life in Transtibial Prosthesis Users: A Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) Analysis

2026-09-30T01:44:53+00:00

Transtibial amputation is a type of lower extremity amputation that can cause limited mobility, decreased independence, and impaired quality of life. The use of a transtibial prosthesis aims to restore walking function (ambulation) so that individuals can return to performing daily activities independently. A good level of ambulation allows prosthesis users to participate more actively in social life, work, and physical activities, which ultimately can improve quality of life. The quality of life of prosthesis users can be measured using the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). This instrument specifically assesses aspects of prosthesis function, ambulation, stump health, psychological well-being, and social aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of ambulation and quality of life based on PEQ scores in transtibial prosthesis users. The research method was observational-analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects were transtibial prosthesis users who met the inclusion criteria. Based on the statistical analysis, a p-value of 0.007 (p < 0.05) was obtained, indicating a significant relationship between ambulation level and quality of life in transtibial prosthesis users. The correlation coefficient of r = 0.664 indicates a strong and positive relationship between the two variables. This indicates that the higher the level of ambulation in transtibial prosthesis users, the better their perceived quality of life.